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DG Exit Exam
Answer Key

TASCO exit exam questions and answers — Set 10 — Advanced Training for Oil Tanker Cargo Operations

Set 10 of the Advanced Training for Oil Tanker Cargo Operations (TASCO) exit exam bank — 35 of 305 questions, with the correct option marked and a one-line explanation for every one. Read it end to end, jump to a single set, or search it — then sit the same bank as a timed paper. The real DG Shipping exit exam is 30 marks with 15 to pass.

These are the bank's original groupings. Practising deals the whole bank out again every time you reshuffle, so a practice “Set 3” is a different 30 questions each time — the set numbers below are the source file's, and are only used here so the key stays navigable. Options are listed in their original order with fixed letters; when you practise, those move too.

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Set 10 — 35 TASCO exit exam questions with answers

1. Under ISGOTT, when water washing in an 'undefined' tank atmosphere, the throughput of each tank washing machine nozzle should not exceed

  • A. 60 cubic metres per hour
  • B. 110 cubic metres per hour
  • C. 17.5 cubic metres per hour
  • D. 180 cubic metres per hour
Answer: C — 17.5 cubic metres per hour
ISGOTT limits washing in undefined atmospheres to reduce charged mist. Each nozzle should not exceed 17.5 m3/h, and total water throughput per tank should be as low as practicable and not more than 110 m3/h. No recirculated wash water is used.

2. In the load-on-top procedure, the oily water collected in the slop tank is

  • A. Pumped overboard immediately after tank washing
  • B. Discharged ashore with the cargo without settling
  • C. Transferred to the engine-room bilge tank
  • D. Allowed to settle, the water decanted overboard through the ODME and the next cargo loaded on top of the retained oil
Answer: D — Allowed to settle, the water decanted overboard through the ODME and the next cargo loaded on top of the retained oil
In load on top, slops are allowed to settle and separate. The clean water underneath is decanted overboard through the ODME within MARPOL Annex I Reg.34 limits, and the next cargo is loaded on top of the retained oil residue.

3. In crude oil washing, 'bottom washing' is normally carried out

  • A. After top washing, near the end of discharge, while the tank is being stripped
  • B. Before any cargo is discharged from the tank
  • C. Only at sea on the ballast passage
  • D. Only with recirculated sea water
Answer: A — After top washing, near the end of discharge, while the tank is being stripped
Top washing removes deposits from upper bulkheads and structure during discharge. Bottom washing follows when the level is low, washing the bottom structure while the tank is stripped continuously so sludge is pumped out and does not build up.

4. Under MARPOL Annex I Chapter 8, an oil tanker engaged in ship-to-ship transfer of oil cargo at sea must carry an approved STS operations plan if it is of

  • A. 400 gross tonnage and above
  • B. 150 gross tonnage and above
  • C. 5,000 tonnes deadweight and above
  • D. 20,000 tonnes deadweight and above
Answer: B — 150 gross tonnage and above
MARPOL Annex I Reg.41 requires every oil tanker of 150 GT and above engaged in STS transfer of oil cargo to carry a plan on how to conduct STS operations, approved by the Administration and written in the working language of the ship.

5. A tanker planning an STS transfer of oil cargo in the territorial sea or EEZ of a Party must notify that coastal State at least

  • A. 24 hours in advance
  • B. 72 hours in advance
  • C. 48 hours in advance
  • D. 12 hours in advance
Answer: C — 48 hours in advance
MARPOL Annex I Reg.42 requires the oil tanker to notify the coastal State not less than 48 hours before the planned STS operation, giving details such as position, cargo type and quantity, and the planned duration.

6. Records of ship-to-ship oil transfer operations under MARPOL Annex I Chapter 8 must be retained on board for

  • A. One year
  • B. Five years
  • C. Until the next renewal survey
  • D. Three years
Answer: D — Three years
MARPOL Annex I Reg.41 requires records of STS operations to be retained on board for three years and be available for inspection by a Party. The operations are also entered in the Oil Record Book.

7. When starting to load each grade, the correct practice is to

  • A. Begin at a slow rate and check that cargo is entering only the nominated tanks and that there are no leaks
  • B. Begin at the full agreed rate to save time
  • C. Open all tank valves first and then ask the terminal to start
  • D. Keep the manifold valve closed until full shore pressure builds up
Answer: A — Begin at a slow rate and check that cargo is entering only the nominated tanks and that there are no leaks
At the start of loading, flow is kept slow while the officer confirms cargo is going only into the planned tanks, the sea and overboard valves are tight, and there are no leaks at the manifold or lines. Then the rate is increased as agreed.

8. Why should valves not be closed against the flow of cargo during loading?

  • A. It will cause the inert gas pressure to fall
  • B. Sudden closure can cause a pressure surge that may rupture hoses, loading arms or pipelines
  • C. It will overheat the cargo pumps
  • D. It will increase static charge in the tank
Answer: B — Sudden closure can cause a pressure surge that may rupture hoses, loading arms or pipelines
Rapid closure of a valve against moving liquid causes a pressure surge (liquid hammer) that can burst hoses, loading arms or pipelines. Before valves are closed, tanks are changed over by opening the next tank first and the ship and terminal agree shutdown times.

9. The usual method to keep two different cargo grades apart in the ship's pipeline system is

  • A. A single valve kept closed
  • B. Blank flanges fitted only at the manifold
  • C. Double-valve segregation between the grades
  • D. Keeping the pumps stopped
Answer: C — Double-valve segregation between the grades
Grades are normally separated by at least two closed valves in series (double-valve segregation), or by blanks or spool pieces removed where higher integrity is needed. This prevents contamination if one valve leaks.

10. The cargo loading or discharge plan on a tanker is normally prepared by the chief officer and

  • A. Approved by the terminal representative only
  • B. Approved by the cargo surveyor
  • C. Not required to be approved
  • D. Approved by the master before operations begin
Answer: D — Approved by the master before operations begin
The chief officer prepares the cargo plan covering grades, quantities, sequence, rates, stress, stability, trim and segregation. The master approves it before operations, and it is discussed with the terminal at the pre-transfer conference.

11. On a modern marine loading arm used at oil terminals, the emergency release coupling (ERC) is designed to

  • A. Disconnect the arm quickly with minimal spillage if the ship moves outside the operating envelope
  • B. Measure the cargo flow rate
  • C. Bond the ship to the shore electrically
  • D. Drain the arm to the ship's slop tank
Answer: A — Disconnect the arm quickly with minimal spillage if the ship moves outside the operating envelope
The ERC, with its double valves, lets the loading arm separate quickly from the ship's manifold when the arm reaches its envelope limit or in an emergency. Both valves close first so very little oil is released.

12. The ship/shore pre-transfer conference before oil cargo operations is held mainly to

  • A. Calculate the freight
  • B. Agree the cargo plan, rates, communications, emergency shutdown procedures and safety checks between ship and terminal
  • C. Inspect crew certificates
  • D. Plan the next voyage
Answer: B — Agree the cargo plan, rates, communications, emergency shutdown procedures and safety checks between ship and terminal
Before transfer, the ship and terminal discuss and agree cargo grades, sequence, maximum rates and pressures, communications, emergency shutdown and stop signals, and complete the Ship/Shore Safety Checklist. Both parties then work to the same plan.

13. The term 'topping off' a cargo tank refers to

  • A. Draining the last cargo from the bottom of the tank
  • B. Increasing the loading rate at the start of loading
  • C. Completing the filling of a tank to its final ullage at a reduced rate
  • D. Inerting the ullage space after loading
Answer: C — Completing the filling of a tank to its final ullage at a reduced rate
Topping off is the final filling of each tank to the planned ullage. The loading rate is reduced, the terminal is given notice as agreed, and extra watchkeepers are posted to prevent an overflow.

14. Under STCW Regulation V/1-1, which of the following must hold a Certificate of Proficiency in advanced training for oil tanker cargo operations?

  • A. All ratings on oil tankers
  • B. Only the master and chief officer
  • C. Only the pumpman
  • D. Masters, chief engineers, chief mates, second engineers and any person with immediate responsibility for loading, discharging, care in transit or handling of cargo
Answer: D — Masters, chief engineers, chief mates, second engineers and any person with immediate responsibility for loading, discharging, care in transit or handling of cargo
STCW Reg.V/1-1 paragraph 4 requires masters, chief engineer officers, chief mates, second engineer officers and any person with immediate responsibility for cargo operations, tank cleaning and related tasks on oil tankers to hold the advanced oil tanker certificate.

15. To qualify for the advanced oil tanker cargo operations certificate, a candidate holding the basic certificate must have

  • A. At least three months of approved seagoing service on oil tankers, or one month of approved onboard training in a supernumerary capacity
  • B. At least six months of seagoing service on any ship
  • C. At least twelve months of service on chemical tankers
  • D. Only a shore-based course without any sea service
Answer: A — At least three months of approved seagoing service on oil tankers, or one month of approved onboard training in a supernumerary capacity
STCW Reg.V/1-1 requires at least three months of approved sea service on oil tankers, or at least one month of approved supernumerary onboard training with at least three loading and three unloading operations, plus the approved advanced course.

16. Under STCW Regulation I/11, to revalidate a certificate in advanced training for oil tanker cargo operations, the holder must have approved seagoing service on oil tankers of

  • A. At least twelve months in the preceding five years
  • B. At least three months in total during the preceding five years
  • C. At least one month in the preceding year
  • D. Six months continuously before expiry
Answer: B — At least three months in total during the preceding five years
STCW Reg.I/11 paragraph 5 requires holders of tanker certificates to show continued competence every five years, either by at least three months of approved service on the relevant tanker type during the preceding five years or by an approved relevant course.

17. Under SOLAS II-2/4.5.5.1, an inert gas system is required on oil tankers constructed on or after 1 January 2016 of

  • A. 20,000 tonnes deadweight and above
  • B. 40,000 tonnes deadweight and above
  • C. 8,000 tonnes deadweight and above
  • D. 500 gross tonnage and above
Answer: C — 8,000 tonnes deadweight and above
The amendment adopted by MSC.365(93) lowered the inert gas threshold from 20,000 tdw to 8,000 tdw for oil and chemical tankers constructed on or after 1 January 2016. The system must comply with FSS Code Chapter 15.

18. The International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals (ISGOTT) is published by

  • A. IMO and ILO
  • B. IACS and BIMCO
  • C. INTERTANKO and IMO
  • D. OCIMF, ICS and IAPH
Answer: D — OCIMF, ICS and IAPH
ISGOTT is the industry guide produced jointly by the Oil Companies International Marine Forum, the International Chamber of Shipping and the International Association of Ports and Harbors. It is not an IMO instrument but is widely used by terminals and port authorities.

19. The Ship Inspection Report Programme (SIRE) used by charterers and terminals to vet oil tankers is operated by

  • A. OCIMF
  • B. IMO
  • C. IACS
  • D. The flag Administration
Answer: A — OCIMF
SIRE is run by the Oil Companies International Marine Forum. Accredited inspectors carry out inspections, now under SIRE 2.0, and reports are shared with member companies for use in tanker vetting and risk assessment.

20. For an oil tanker, the Record of Construction and Equipment attached to the IOPP Certificate is

  • A. Form A
  • B. Form B
  • C. Form C
  • D. Form D
Answer: B — Form B
MARPOL Annex I issues the Supplement to the IOPP Certificate as Form A for ships other than oil tankers and Form B for oil tankers. Form B records the tanker's construction, SBT, COW, ODME and slop-tank arrangements.

21. The enhanced survey programme for oil tankers, under the 2011 ESP Code, is made mandatory by

  • A. MARPOL Annex VI
  • B. The ISM Code, Part B
  • C. SOLAS Chapter XI-1, Regulation 2
  • D. STCW Regulation V/1-1
Answer: C — SOLAS Chapter XI-1, Regulation 2
SOLAS XI-1/2 makes enhanced surveys of bulk carriers and oil tankers mandatory according to the ESP Code. This includes close-up surveys, thickness measurements and survey planning, which become more detailed as the ship ages.

22. For the fixed deck foam system on a tanker, FSS Code Chapter 14 requires the foam solution supply rate to be not less than the greatest of 0.6 l/min per m2 of cargo deck area, 6 l/min per m2 of the horizontal sectional area of the largest tank, and

  • A. 1 l/min per m2 of the largest tank, but not less than 500 l/min
  • B. 10 l/min per m2 of the manifold area
  • C. 2 l/min per m2 of the accommodation front
  • D. 3 l/min per m2 of the area protected by the largest monitor, but not less than 1,250 l/min
Answer: D — 3 l/min per m2 of the area protected by the largest monitor, but not less than 1,250 l/min
FSS Code Ch.14 sets the deck foam solution rate as the greatest of these three values, the third being 3 l/min/m2 of the area protected by the largest monitor, which in any case must deliver not less than 1,250 l/min.

23. On a tanker fitted with an inert gas system, the deck foam system must carry enough foam concentrate to produce foam for at least

  • A. 20 minutes
  • B. 10 minutes
  • C. 30 minutes
  • D. 60 minutes
Answer: A — 20 minutes
FSS Code Ch.14 requires enough foam concentrate for at least 20 minutes of foam generation at the required rate on tankers with an inert gas installation, and 30 minutes on tankers without one.

24. FSS Code Chapter 14 limits the distance from a deck foam monitor to the farthest extremity of the protected area forward of it to not more than

  • A. 50% of the monitor throw in still air
  • B. 75% of the monitor throw in still air
  • C. 100% of the monitor throw in still air
  • D. 25 m in all cases
Answer: B — 75% of the monitor throw in still air
Each foam monitor must reach the whole area it protects with a margin. The farthest point of the area forward of a monitor must be no more than 75% of the monitor's throw in still air conditions.

25. If there is a fire or major cargo leak at the manifold during loading at a terminal, the first priority after raising the alarm is to

  • A. Disconnect the hoses immediately while cargo is flowing
  • B. Start the ballast pumps
  • C. Activate the emergency shutdown to stop cargo flow and inform the terminal
  • D. Open all tank lids to release pressure
Answer: C — Activate the emergency shutdown to stop cargo flow and inform the terminal
Stopping cargo flow removes the fuel source and limits the spill. The ship uses the agreed emergency shutdown procedure and informs the terminal, then the emergency organisation tackles the fire or spill and contains oil on deck.

26. During cargo discharge, the inert gas system fails and cannot keep cargo tank pressure positive and oxygen at 8% or less. The correct action is to

  • A. Continue discharge at a reduced rate while opening ullage ports
  • B. Admit fresh air to the tanks through the mast riser
  • C. Increase the pump rate to finish quickly
  • D. Stop the cargo discharge and close the deck isolating valve until the system is restored
Answer: D — Stop the cargo discharge and close the deck isolating valve until the system is restored
Under ISGOTT and the ship's IG manual, if the IG supply cannot keep the tanks inert and under positive pressure, discharge or ballasting must stop. The deck isolating valve is closed to prevent backflow until inert gas supply is restored or an alternative approved source is connected.

27. The catalytic filament sensor of a combustible gas indicator can be poisoned and give low readings when exposed to

  • A. Silicones, lead compounds and halogenated hydrocarbons
  • B. Nitrogen
  • C. Water vapour
  • D. Carbon dioxide
Answer: A — Silicones, lead compounds and halogenated hydrocarbons
Vapours of silicones, tetraethyl lead and halogen compounds, and also hydrogen sulphide, can coat or poison the platinum catalytic element and reduce its sensitivity. The instrument then reads low, which is dangerous, so it must be checked with span gas regularly.

28. Before using a portable gas detector for a gas-free or entry test, its response should be checked with

  • A. The breath of the operator
  • B. A span (calibration) gas of known concentration, after zeroing in clean air
  • C. Inert gas from the IG main
  • D. Steam from the tank cleaning line
Answer: B — A span (calibration) gas of known concentration, after zeroing in clean air
After zeroing in fresh air, a span gas of known concentration is passed through the instrument to confirm a correct reading. This function check is recorded, and an instrument that reads wrongly must not be used.

29. When a catalytic combustible gas indicator samples an over-rich hydrocarbon atmosphere, the needle typically

  • A. Stays at zero throughout
  • B. Reads about 50% LFL steadily
  • C. Moves briefly to full scale and then falls back towards zero
  • D. Reads the exact hydrocarbon percentage by volume
Answer: C — Moves briefly to full scale and then falls back towards zero
In an over-rich mixture there is not enough oxygen for catalytic combustion, so after a short surge to full scale the reading drops back towards zero. This could be wrongly taken as a gas-free tank, so a tankscope or infrared instrument is used for high concentrations.

30. ISGOTT advises that, while loading a static-accumulator oil into a tank that is not inerted, the linear velocity in the branch line to each tank should not exceed

  • A. 3 m/s until the tank is one-third full
  • B. 7 m/s at all stages
  • C. 0.1 m/s throughout loading
  • D. 1 m/s until the fill pipe outlet is covered
Answer: D — 1 m/s until the fill pipe outlet is covered
At the start of loading, splashing and turbulence produce charge. Until the tank inlet is covered to about twice its diameter and splashing has stopped, the branch-line velocity is limited to 1 m/s. After that the rate can increase, within the 7 m/s maximum.

31. In a non-inerted tank containing a static-accumulator cargo, ISGOTT recommends that metallic dipping, ullaging or sampling equipment should not be used until

  • A. 30 minutes after completion of loading, unless a sounding pipe is used
  • B. 5 minutes after completion of loading
  • C. The tank has been gas freed
  • D. The cargo temperature has fallen by 5 degrees C
Answer: A — 30 minutes after completion of loading, unless a sounding pipe is used
Charge on a static-accumulator liquid takes time to relax. ISGOTT advises a 30-minute wait after loading before inserting conductive equipment into a non-inert tank, unless gauging through a sounding pipe that extends to the bottom.

32. Pyrophoric iron sulphide forms in cargo tanks when

  • A. Fresh water reacts with aluminium paint
  • B. Hydrogen sulphide from sour cargo reacts with rust in an oxygen-deficient atmosphere
  • C. Inert gas reacts with tank coatings
  • D. Air reacts with dry, clean steel
Answer: B — Hydrogen sulphide from sour cargo reacts with rust in an oxygen-deficient atmosphere
In inerted tanks carrying sour crude, H2S reacts with iron oxide to form iron sulphide. If air is later admitted, the deposit oxidises rapidly, getting hot enough to ignite a flammable atmosphere. Keeping tanks inerted until gas-free reduces this risk.

33. The flammable range of hydrocarbon gas from typical petroleum cargoes is approximately

  • A. 10% to 20% by volume in air
  • B. 0.1% to 1% by volume in air
  • C. 1% to 10% by volume in air
  • D. 5% to 50% by volume in air
Answer: C — 1% to 10% by volume in air
ISGOTT gives the flammable range of typical petroleum gas mixtures as about 1% (LFL) to 10% (UFL) hydrocarbon by volume in air. Below this the mixture is too lean and above it too rich to burn.

34. SOLAS II-2/4.5.4 requires the mechanical exhaust ventilation of a cargo pump room to provide not less than

  • A. 6 air changes per hour
  • B. 10 air changes per hour
  • C. 30 air changes per hour based on the net volume
  • D. 20 air changes per hour based on the gross volume of the space
Answer: D — 20 air changes per hour based on the gross volume of the space
Cargo pump rooms must have mechanical ventilation of the extraction type able to give at least 20 changes of air per hour, based on the gross volume of the space. It must run before entry and during cargo operations, with fans of non-sparking construction.

35. Under SOLAS II-2/4.5.3, the outlets of high-velocity venting devices for cargo tanks must be at least

  • A. 2 m above the cargo tank deck and 10 m horizontally from air intakes and openings to enclosed spaces with ignition sources
  • B. 1 m above the deck and 5 m from any opening
  • C. 6 m above the deck in all cases
  • D. At the same height as the mast riser only
Answer: A — 2 m above the cargo tank deck and 10 m horizontally from air intakes and openings to enclosed spaces with ignition sources
High-velocity vents throw vapour upward at speed so it disperses. SOLAS allows these vent outlets at least 2 m above the cargo tank deck and at least 10 m horizontally from air intakes and openings to gas-safe spaces. Free-flow vent outlets need 6 m height.

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