REFA exit exam questions and answers

1. Which fire extinguisher is most prone to freezing when stowed in low temperature?

• A. Halon 1211
• B. Carbon dioxide
• C. Foam
• D. Dry chemical

2. You discover a particle embedded in the casualty cornea. You should

• A. Remove the particle with a moist corner of a facial tissue or clean cloth
• B. Flush the eye with water for 10 min
• C. Use a splinter force to remove the particle
• D. Cover the eye and transport the casualty to medical help

3. After an extremity fracture has been immobilised, the responder should check for circulation

• A. In the injured limb only
• B. Distal to the injury
• C. Proximal to the injury
• D. At the site of the fracture

4. When performing adult CPR you give

• A. 2 slow breaths and 30 chest compressions
• B. 1 slow breaths and 10 chest compressions
• C. 5 slow breaths and 10 chest compressions
• D. 3 slow breaths and 15 chest compressions

5. What method of handling you see if victim is unconscious

• A. Pick a back method
• B. Fireman lift
• C. Simple fore and aft carry
• D. Both B and C

6. A faint is a brief loss of consciousness of more than momentary duration caused by a temporary reduction in the flow of blood to the brain. How would you prevent anyone from fainting ?

• A. If standing in a crowd, flex the leg muscles and toes to aid circulation
• B. Try to keep the person in an upstanding position
• C. Tell the person to sit down in a sitting position breathing normally
• D. Tell the person to sit down and lean forward with the head between the knees taking deep breaths

7. What is the most important thing to do if you think someone is having a heart attack ?

• A. Give aspirin and wait to see
• B. Help the person lie down
• C. Call the persons doctor
• D. Call medical help

8. To safety perform a chair carry you need ?

• A. 2 rescuers
• B. 3 rescuers
• C. 4 rescuers
• D. 5 rescuers

9. What is the best way to remove a tick ?

• A. Smoother it in butter
• B. Lift it put carefully with tweezers
• C. Scrape it off with a hard, flat object like a credit card
• D. Burn it off with a hot match

10. You have a casualty that is muttering to themselves but not making any sense. The face appears to be dropping in one side what might be wrong with them ?

• A. They are have a heart attack
• B. They are in shock after witnessing an accident
• C. They may be having a stroke
• D. None of the above

11. Urine enters the bladder through which structure ?

• A. Ureters
• B. Collecting duct
• C. Kidney
• D. Urethra

12. What damage could occur if first aider’s hand are placed at hte tip of the sternum during heart compression ?

• A. The patient may vomit as his stomach is squeezed
• B. The lungs may be punctured leading to severe loss of breath
• C. The ribs might be cracked
• D. The liver might be torn leading to severe internal bleeding

13. When caring for a chocking infant what position is the infant held ?

• A. Upside down by ankles and shoulders
• B. Face up on flat surface
• C. Face down on your fore arm with head lower than the body
• D. Face down on your knee with head lower than the body

14. Signs that hernia is serious include

• A. Pain and tenderness at site
• B. Pale, ashen skin colour at site
• C. Hernia can be pushed back into the body
• D. Hernia is above the diaphragm

15. How you should react to an emergency ?

• A. Asses the scene for safety
• B. Estimate the number of victims and call help
• C. Get the first aid kit put on PPE before helping
• D. All of the above

16. The proper stimulant for unconscious person is

• A. Tea
• B. Coffee
• C. Whiskey and water
• D. Ammonia inhalant

17. If someone suffers heart attack and has ceased breathing, you should ?

• A. Immediately give stimulant by force if necessary
• B. Make the victim comfortable in a bunk
• C. Immediately start CPR
• D. Administer oxygen

18. A communicate fracture is one where the bone has

• A. Broken into pieces which are floating.
• B. Broken where only part of the bone is fractured
• C. Broken clearly with each and attached
• D. Broken and is affecting muscles and nerve

19. In order to initiate CPR on a drowning victim

• A. Start chest compression before the victim is removed from the water
• B. Drain water from the lungs before ventilating
• C. Begin mouth-to-mouth ventilation
• D. Do not lit the head back since it may cause vomiting

20. Some people are very allergic to insect bites and stings. The condition is called ______.

• A. Septic chock
• B. Cardiac arrest
• C. Toxic shock and syndrome
• D. Anaphylactic shock

21. Heat stroke attack bodies vital organs except

• A. Brain
• B. Heart
• C. Kidney
• D. Bones

22. When performing abdominal thrust how many thrust do you do ?

• A. 1 to 5 thrust
• B. 6 to 10 thrust
• C. 15 to 20 thrust
• D. 30 to 40 thrust

23. What does the ABC’s for first aid stand for ?

• A. The letters in the alphabet b. c. * d.
• B. Air, breathing, circulation
• C. Airway , breathing, circulation
• D. None of the above

24. If a person is chocking you should do nothing as long as

• A. They are coughing
• B. They are still conscious
• C. Their face has not turned blue
• D. They start crying

25. Before giving CPR you should make sure ?

• A. They are not bleeding
• B. They are conscious or unconscious
• C. They are not vomiting
• D. They are not dead

26. You are alone and administering CPR to an victim. How many chest compression and how many inflations should you administer in each sequence ?

• A. 15 compression then 2 inflations
• B. 15 compression then 4 inflations
• C. 30 compression then 2 inflations
• D. 30 compression then 4 inflations

27. The content of the first aid kit include the following except

• A. Micropore
• B. Macropore
• C. Bandages
• D. Scissor

28. Advance communications system and technology stipulated by WHO where medical advice can be sought by

• A. Tele medicine
• B. Satellite communication
• C. Radio medical advice
• D. Compulsory in board specialized

29. Which of the following is not a good approach to managing stress

• A. Talking directly to the person who is causing the stress
• B. Giving yourself a treat like comfort food or a cocktail
• C. Accepting that there are things beyond your control
• D. Trying cognitive-therapy to learn new coping skills

30. A high-fiber, low-fat diet and regular exercise can help to ____.

• A. Increase CVD
• B. Increase weight
• C. Lose weight
• D. None

1. Which of the following is a laboratory procedure developed to provide an objective behavioural measure of the tendency to binge eat

• A. Palatability test
• B. Food pre-load test
• C. Full capacity test
• D. Fully loaded test

2. Pick one of the following familial factors that plays a role in the development of eating disorders ?

• A. Parental attitudes to sex
• B. Parental obesity
• C. Parental attitudes to the media
• D. Parental attitudes to education

3. Body dissatisfaction is associated with triggering bouts of

• A. Purging
• B. Binging
• C. Dieting
• D. Shopping

4. The accepted treatment for a sprained ankle is

• A. remove the shoe and check for swelling using the capillary reflex method
• B. keep the shoe on apply an ankle bandage for support, elevate and apply cold towels
• C. keep the shoe on, apply an ankle splint and apply heat if possible
• D. have the victim walk or move as soon as possible to prevent stiffness

5. A crew has his finger severed off, what action would be the best ?

• A. Put the severed end of the finger back in the place wrap entire finger in sterile gauze and transport to hospital immediately
• B. Wrap the severed finger in sterile gauze place it in a plastic bag, put the bag on ice transport both finger and the victim to the hospital
• C. Place the severed finger in a plastic bag have the crew place the bag under his armpit transport immediately to the hospital
• D. Place a tourniquet at the stub where the finger severed to control bleeding transport to hospital immediately

6. When performing CPR on a child how deep should the chest compression be ?

• A. 1 1/2 inches
• B. 2 inches
• C. 2 1/2 inches
• D. 3 inches

7. Which of the following techniques is not suitable for moving an unconscious victim ?

• A. Improvised stretcher
• B. Four handed seat carry
• C. Two person carry
• D. Blanket drag

8. Which of the following correctly describes the CPR technique for an adult

• A. Four cycle for 15 compressions followed by one breath each minute
• B. one cycle of one breath and 10 compression each 2 to 3 inches deep per minute
• C. twelve cycles of one breath and 5 compressions per minute
• D. four cycles of Two breaths and 15 compressions per minutes

9. Severe bleeding is a “hurry case” . which one of the following statements is true

• A. Bleeding can seldom be stopped with direct pressure
• B. A tourniquet is almost always required to control serious bleeding
• C. Should the first sterile pad used become blood soaked, immediately remove it and apply another
• D. Try to avoid direct contact with the victim’s blood by using latex gloves or another barriers

10. A person indicates that he was bitten by a snake what do you do ?

• A. Apply ice to the wound and take to the nearest fire station or hospital
• B. wash the wound keeping injured area lower than the heart get professional medical care within 30 minutes
• C. cut a 1” cross at the site if injury and suck the poison out apply ice
• D. elevate injured area apply ice and get professional medical care within 30 minutes

11. What should you do if you think the victim are serious internal bleeding

• A. Apply heat to the injured area
• B. Give fluids to replace blood loss
• C. Call for medical assistance as quick as possible
• D. Place the victim in a sitting position

12. To treat first degree burn you should ……

• A. Apply a good quality burn cream or ointment
• B. Clean the area thoroughly with hot soapy water
• C. Apply a constricting band between the burn and the heart
• D. Apply cool running water until there is little or no remaining pain

13. What do you do for a victim who has a bleeding injury to the mouth and you are sure about that there is no head neck or spine injury

• A. Keep victim seated with head tilted slightly forward
• B. Keep victim seated with head tilted slightly backward
• C. Have the victim lie down on their side
• D. None of the above

14. The accepted treatment for a nose bleed

• A. Use direct pressure elevation and pressure points to control the bleeding
• B. Tilt the head back and tightly squeeze the nostrils
• C. Have the victim lean forward apply gentle pressure on the nostril apply cold towels
• D. Lay the victim on his back and treat foe shock apply heat if available

15. What treatment does a victim who’s life threatening condition is “not breathing” need ?

• A. The Helimich maneuver two rescue breaths and CPR
• B. Start CPR immediately
• C. Twelve to fifteen recue breaths per min and correct CPR
• D. You should follow the steps for rescue breathing

16. Internal bleeding can be caused by

• A. Injury
• B. Illness
• C. Medication
• D. All of the above

17. What is the appropriate treatment for a suspected broken collarbone or shoulder ?

• A. Apply a simple sling. Bind the sling to the chest with a cravat
• B. Use the cross your heart padded chest support system
• C. Use the flail chest protection system
• D. Apply a modified “Johnson traction splint”

18. What would you do if a victim had a body part torn or cut off ?

• A. Wrap severe body part in sterile gauze
• B. Place in a plastic bag
• C. Put the plastic bag on ice and take it to the hospital with victim
• D. All of the above

19. When performing CPR on a child you give ……

• A. 4 slow breaths & 20 chest compressions
• B. 1 slow breaths & 5 chest compressions
• C. 2 slow breaths & 10 chest compressions
• D. 2 slow breaths & 15 chest compressions

20. White or greyish yellow patches on someone’s ears noses or checks are signs of

• A. Frostbite
• B. Cold related stress disorder
• C. Anaphylactic shock
• D. Hypothermia

21. The emergency responder is one link in the chain of services known as the

• A. Emergency crew care (ECC) system
• B. Emergency medical services (EMS) system
• C. Professional emergency care (PEC) system
• D. Community medical care (CMC) system

22. To reduce the risk of respiratory infection and pneumonia where medical care is delayed, responders should

• A. Have the patient breathe deeply and cough
• B. Provide the patient with adequate hydration
• C. Position the patient in the position of comfort
• D. Ensure the patient is kept warm and t rest

23. The best way to prevent a critical incident stress situation from becoming worse is

• A. Ignore it
• B. Be familiar with the signs and symptoms
• C. Ensure early use of proper medication
• D. Force the responder to talk about the situation

24. Which of the following is sign of severe airway obstruction ?

• A. Forceful cough
• B. Wheezing
• C. High pitched inhalation noise
• D. All of the above

25. Why is CPR important ?

• A. It provides a small supply of blood and oxygen to the brain and vital organs
• B. It keeps the heart breaking
• C. It keeps the aorta from collapsing
• D. It prevent cardiac arrest

26. What is the name of the type of stretcher often found on board ?

• A. The canvas pole stretcher
• B. The Neil Robertson stretcher
• C. The SOLAS stretcher
• D. The Heart Imco stretcher

27. A crew o your ship has a severe cut in the groin area what do you do ?

• A. Cover the wound with a sterile dressing applying direct pressure
• B. Elevate the student’s feet and apply a sterile dressing to the wound, ply pressure to groin area
• C. Drive the bus to nearest hospital or fire station
• D. Cover wound with sterile dressing and apply pressure to femoral artery pressure

28. What symptoms would indicate internal bleeding ?

• A. Rapid weak pulse, excessive thirst
• B. Skin that feels cold or moist, or look pale or bluish
• C. Tender, swollen, bruised or hard areas of his body, such as abdomen
• D. All of the above

29. Which arteries pressure point is located on front of upper leg jus below the middle of crease of groin ?

• A. Radial artery
• B. Popliteal artery
• C. Branchial artery
• D. Femoral artery

30. When communicating with patients

• A. Stay at eye level and maintain eye contact
• B. Stay as close to the patient as possible
• C. Use medical terminology to enhance credibility
• D. Hide facts of the situation is serious

1. If you are the first person to discover the fire, what should you do ?

• A. Leave the building immediately
• B. Head to your locker and get your personal items
• C. Pick up a fire extinguisher and tackle the fire
• D. Activate the fire alarm

2. Your role in making the first aid successful work effectively includes four steps

• A. Elevate, identify, decide, execute
• B. Check, cal, care, protect
• C. Recognize, decide, call, provide
• D. None of the above

3. Where does the partly digested food ( in liquid form) goes after it leaves stomach ?

• A. Gullet
• B. Appendix
• C. Small intestine
• D. Large intestine

4. You have someone who is pale, sweating, profusely, trembling and acting aggressively. They appear drunk but do not smell of alcohol. What may be wrong with them ?

• A. They are suffering from a diabetic emergency
• B. They are suffering from a heart attack
• C. They are suffering from an epileptic seizure
• D. They are suffering from a stroke

5. Pelvic fracture can cause severe and even life threatening bleeding in to the

• A. Pelvic areas
• B. Abdominal cavities
• C. Large intestine
• D. A & B

6. What symptoms are associated with heat exhaustion_____

• A. Cool, moist, pale, or flushed skin
• B. Rapid weak pulse
• C. Rapid, shallow breathing
• D. All of the above

7. On an infant, if you are the lone rescuer, you should perform compressions

• A. Using to finger just below the nipple line
• B. Using the heel of one hand just below he nipple line
• C. Using the heal of two hands just below the nipple line
• D. None of the above

8. On an infant where you check the pulse ?

• A. Inside the wrist just above the hand
• B. On the neck to the right or left side of the wind pipe
• C. Behind the knee cap
• D. Inside the arm between the elbow and shoulder

9. A burn should be immersed or placed under water for at least ______ minutes

• A. 5 min
• B. 10 min
• C. 15 min
• D. 20 min

10. When caring for someone who has suffered an electric shock, you would not ______

• A. Check breathing and pulse
• B. Check for possible fractures
• C. Cool the burned areas
• D. Treat for shock

11. What is an open fracture ?

• A. A fracture in which the bone ends can move around
• B. A fracture in which the bone is exposed as the skin is broken
• C. A fracture which causes complications such as a punctured lung
• D. A fracture in which the bone has bent and split

12. How should you pen the airway of an unconscious casualty ?

• A. Head tilt and chin lift
• B. Jaw thrust
• C. Head tilt and jaw thrust
• D. Lift the chin

13. What steps would you take to control bleeding from a nose bleed ?

• A. Sit casualty down, lean forward and pinch soft part of nose
• B. Sit casualty down, lean backward and pinch soft part of nose
• C. Lie casualty down and pinch soft part of nose
• D. Lie casualty down and pinch top of the nose

14. An unconscious casualty is lying on their back and has a broken leg, What position is best for the casualty ?

• A. Leave them as they
• B. Sitting up position
• C. Recovery position
• D. Lying down with the legs raised

15. What should a casualty with a severe allergy carry at all times

• A. Insulin
• B. HCQ
• C. Adrenaline
• D. Aspirin

16. What is the best method of avoiding accident in workplace ?

• A. By wearing safety equipment
• B. Doing things in one’s own way
• C. By observing safety precautions
• D. Doing things with highly skilled working practice

17. What will be the effect if a person shows the symptoms of drowsiness ?

• A. Activeness
• B. Laziness
• C. Conscious
• D. Unconscious

18. Which of the following behaviours reduces your risk for injury ?

• A. Always wearing a safety belt when working
• B. Limiting intake of alcohol
• C. Limiting intake of foods high in cholesterol
• D. Both a and b

19. A wound where there is damage to the soft tissue and blood vessel under the skin is called ____

• A. A scrape
• B. A cut
• C. A bruise
• D. A avulsion

20. When giving care or external bleeding, what should you do first ?

• A. Elevate the injury
• B. Apply direct pressure
• C. Apply a loose dressing
• D. Apply a tourniquet

21. when caring for a victim who has an objective impaled in their hand you should ____

• A. Remove the object, flush with cold water and transport to hospital
• B. Immobilize the object by placing several dressings around it
• C. Break object off where it sticks out, and bandage injury
• D. None of the above

22. What should you do if someone is unconscious, but you are not a trained first aider?

• A. Get medical help immediately
• B. Try to perform CPR on the crew
• C. Move the crew on to their back
• D. Slap the crew to see if they would wake up

23. How can you reduce the risk of disease transmission when caring for open bleeding wounds ?

• A. Wash your hands immediately after giving care
• B. Avoid direct contact with the blood
• C. Use protective barriers such as gloves or plastic wrap
• D. All of the above

24. The accepted treatment for a femur or thigh fracture is

• A. Place a short padded splint on each side of the leg
• B. This type of fracture is best handled by a traction splint applied by those with special training
• C. Move the victim before properly applying a leg splint
• D. Bind both legs with two long splints using two cravats, one above and one below the break

25. Which of the following is a common treatment for bulimia

• A. Family therapy
• B. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy
• C. Psycodynamic therapy
• D. Humanistic therapy

26. Noro virus can be prevented by the following except

• A. Washing hands often
• B. isolating sick person
• C. Drinking little amount of water
• D. Maintaining strong immune system

27. How often should you have a Pap smear?

• A. Once a year after puberty
• B. Once a year after either turning 21 or having sexual intercourse for the first time
• C. Once a year after age 21 and twice every year after 30
• D. Once a year if you're not in a monogamous relationship

28. How often should an adult have a tetanus-diphtheria booster?

• A. 5years
• B. 2years
• C. 10years
• D. 15years