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EFA exit exam questions and answers — Set 1

Set 1 of the Elementary First Aid (EFA) exit exam bank — 30 of 291 questions, with the correct option marked and a one-line explanation for every one. Read it end to end, jump to a single set, or search it — then sit the same bank as a timed paper. The real DG Shipping exit exam is 30 marks with 15 to pass.

These are the bank's original groupings. Practising deals the whole bank out again every time you reshuffle, so a practice “Set 3” is a different 30 questions each time — the set numbers below are the source file's, and are only used here so the key stays navigable. Options are listed in their original order with fixed letters; when you practise, those move too.

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Set 1 — 30 EFA exit exam questions with answers

1. What is called the voice box?

  • A. Trachea
  • B. Larynx
  • C. None of the above
  • D. Epiglottis
Answer: B — Larynx
The larynx, commonly known as the voice box, contains the vocal cords and is responsible for producing sound and speech.

2. In topographic anatomy, the term lateral means:

  • A. Above the midline of the body
  • B. Away from the midline of the body
  • C. Below the midline of the body
  • D. Towards the midline of the body
Answer: B — Away from the midline of the body
In topographic anatomy, the term 'lateral' refers to a position away from the midline of the body or toward the side.

3. Where does the partly digested food in liquid form go after it leaves the stomach?

  • A. Small intestine
  • B. Liver
  • C. Pancreas
  • D. Large intestine
Answer: A — Small intestine
After partially digesting in the stomach, food moves into the small intestine where most of the digestion and nutrient absorption occurs.

4. Urine enters the bladder through which structure?

  • A. Nephron
  • B. Urethra
  • C. Bowman's capsule
  • D. Ureter
Answer: D — Ureter
Urine travels from the kidneys down to the bladder through tubes called ureters.

5. Which system is responsible for the fight-or-flight response?

  • A. Central nervous system
  • B. Endocrine system
  • C. Parasympathetic nervous system
  • D. Sympathetic nervous system
Answer: D — Sympathetic nervous system
The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the 'fight-or-flight' response, preparing the body to react to perceived threats by increasing heart rate and diverting blood flow.

6. What is the correct sequence for the primary survey?

  • A. D-A-B-C-R
  • B. R-A-B-C-D
  • C. D-R-A-B-C
  • D. A-B-C-D-R
Answer: C — D-R-A-B-C
The correct sequence for the primary survey in first aid is Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing, Circulation (DRABC).

7. Which of the following are considered crucial protective equipment?

  • A. Mask
  • B. Eye shield
  • C. All of the above
  • D. Gloves
Answer: C — All of the above
Gloves, masks, and eye shields are all considered crucial protective equipment to prevent the transmission of infections and protect against bodily fluids.

8. You are taking blood pressure by palpation. A radial pulse indicates a blood pressure of at least:

  • A. 60 mmHg
  • B. 90 mmHg
  • C. 80 mmHg
  • D. 70 mmHg
Answer: C — 80 mmHg
When taking blood pressure by palpation, the presence of a radial pulse typically indicates a systolic blood pressure of at least 80 mmHg.

9. An unconscious seaman is lying on his back and not breathing. What is the first thing you do?

  • A. Give rescue breaths
  • B. Call for help
  • C. Check for a pulse
  • D. Tilt his head back as far as it will go
Answer: D — Tilt his head back as far as it will go
When an unconscious seaman is not breathing, the first step to open the airway is to tilt the head back and lift the chin, ensuring the tongue is pulled away from the throat.

10. If you suspect a head or neck injury, you should:

  • A. Move the victim as quickly as possible
  • B. Support the head and neck in the position found
  • C. None of the above
  • D. Try to straighten the victim's neck
Answer: B — Support the head and neck in the position found
If a head or neck injury is suspected, it is crucial to support the head and neck in the position they are found to prevent further damage to the spinal cord.

11. When a victim is having a neck injury, you should:

  • A. Try to align his head and neck
  • B. Move his head gently
  • C. None of the above
  • D. Hold his head still
Answer: D — Hold his head still
When a victim has a suspected neck injury, the primary action is to hold their head still to avoid exacerbating any spinal trauma.

12. You suspect a head and neck injury in a victim who is unresponsive and not breathing. How would you open the airway to give breaths?

  • A. Use a suction device
  • B. None of the above
  • C. Tilt the head back and lift the chin
  • D. Jaw thrust technique
Answer: D — Jaw thrust technique
For a victim with suspected head or neck injury who is unresponsive and not breathing, the jaw thrust technique is used to open the airway, as it minimally disturbs the cervical spine.

13. Check the carotid artery for a pulse on:

  • A. The ankle
  • B. The groin
  • C. The side of his neck
  • D. The wrist
Answer: C — The side of his neck
The carotid artery, used for checking a pulse in an unresponsive adult, is located on the side of the neck.

14. Fainting happens when:

  • A. The heart stops beating
  • B. The person is dehydrated
  • C. The person is anxious
  • D. The brain does not get enough blood with oxygen
Answer: D — The brain does not get enough blood with oxygen
Fainting, or syncope, occurs when the brain temporarily does not receive enough oxygenated blood, leading to a brief loss of consciousness.

15. If there is no response from the crew when you are doing the primary survey, you should:

  • A. Give rescue breaths
  • B. Check for a pulse
  • C. None of the above
  • D. Call 108 and return to the crew
Answer: D — Call 108 and return to the crew
If there is no response from the crew during the primary survey, the immediate next step is to call for emergency medical assistance (e.g., 108 or ship's medical officer) and then return to the victim.

16. Shock is the condition where:

  • A. The person is dehydrated
  • B. The body loses a lot of blood
  • C. The cardiovascular system fails to deliver blood to all parts of the body
  • D. The person is in pain
Answer: C — The cardiovascular system fails to deliver blood to all parts of the body
Shock is a critical condition where the cardiovascular system fails to deliver adequate blood supply to all parts of the body, leading to a lack of oxygen in tissues.

17. What is the CPR procedure for a six-year-old boy?

  • A. 15 compressions, 4 breaths
  • B. 30 compressions, 2 breaths
  • C. 15 compressions, 2 breaths
  • D. 30 compressions, 4 breaths
Answer: A — 15 compressions, 4 breaths
For CPR on a child between puberty and adulthood (or a larger child), the recommended ratio is 15 compressions followed by 2 breaths.

18. What is the proper rate of chest compressions in CPR?

  • A. 80 per minute
  • B. 100 per minute
  • C. 120 per minute
  • D. 60 per minute
Answer: B — 100 per minute
The proper rate for chest compressions during CPR, for both adults and children, is 100 to 120 compressions per minute.

19. If an AED is available but does not have child pads or child energy setting, what should you do for a six-year-old non-responsive victim?

  • A. None of the above
  • B. Do not use the AED
  • C. Call for help
  • D. Use the AED with adult pads
Answer: D — Use the AED with adult pads
If an AED is available without child pads or a child setting, it is recommended to use the adult pads for a child victim, ensuring they do not touch each other.

20. When giving care for external bleeding, what should you do first?

  • A. Apply direct pressure
  • B. Elevate the limb
  • C. Apply a tourniquet
  • D. Call for help
Answer: A — Apply direct pressure
When managing external bleeding, the immediate action is to apply direct pressure to the wound to control blood loss.

21. You feel a sudden short pain in the bottom of your left foot. You look at the bottom of your left shoe and see a tack sticking in your shoe. What type of wound do you probably have?

  • A. Avulsion
  • B. Laceration
  • C. Abrasion
  • D. Puncture
Answer: D — Puncture
A tack sticking into the foot through the shoe describes a puncture wound, which is caused by a sharp object penetrating the skin. This is distinct from abrasions (superficial scraping) or lacerations (tearing of tissue).

22. What are splints made of?

  • A. All of the above
  • B. Wood
  • C. Cardboard
  • D. Clean plastic
Answer: D — Clean plastic
Splints can be made from various materials, including rigid items like wood or cardboard, or flexible materials like plastic. The key is to immobilize the injured area effectively and safely, ensuring no further harm occurs.

23. What should you do if you think a crew has internal bleeding?

  • A. None of the above
  • B. Apply pressure to their abdomen
  • C. Give them something to drink
  • D. Call for help
Answer: D — Call for help
Internal bleeding is serious and requires immediate medical attention. Signs like severe pain, dizziness, or a rigid abdomen necessitate calling for professional medical help promptly; do not give the victim anything to eat or drink.

24. Burns that involve all layers of skin are:

  • A. Third-degree burns
  • B. Full-thickness burns
  • C. First-degree burns
  • D. Second-degree burns
Answer: B — Full-thickness burns
Full-thickness burns, also known as third-degree burns, involve damage to all layers of the skin, and potentially underlying tissues. They are characterized by a white, leathery, or charred appearance and may be painless due to nerve damage.

25. First aid for frostbite is:

  • A. Rub the affected area
  • B. Give some hot coffee
  • C. Give some warm water
  • D. None of the above
Answer: C — Give some warm water
For frostbite, the affected area should be gently rewarmed in warm (not hot) water, typically around 40°C (104°F). Rubbing the area can cause further damage, and hot drinks can be detrimental as they can redistribute blood flow away from extremities.

26. What is the recommended amount of time to wash your hands?

  • A. 40 seconds
  • B. 5 minutes
  • C. 20 seconds
  • D. 30 seconds
Answer: B — 5 minutes
Washing hands for a minimum of 20 seconds is crucial for effectively removing transient microorganisms and preventing the spread of infections, aligning with public health recommendations for hand hygiene. Longer durations, like 30 or 40 seconds, may offer slightly better results, but 5 minutes is excessive for routine handwashing.

27. You can best control the swelling and pain of an ankle sprain by:

  • A. Taking over-the-counter pain medication
  • B. Applying a compression bandage
  • C. All of the above
  • D. Rest, immobilization, application of cold, and elevation (RICE)
Answer: D — Rest, immobilization, application of cold, and elevation (RICE)
The RICE protocol (Rest, Immobilization, Cold, Elevation) is the foundational treatment for sprains and strains to reduce swelling, pain, and inflammation. While compression bandages and pain medication can offer symptomatic relief, they are adjuncts to the primary RICE management strategy.

28. Mouth-to-nose respiration should be used only when:

  • A. The victim has a broken jaw
  • B. The victim is unconscious
  • C. It is impossible to open the victim's mouth
  • D. The victim has a severe head injury
Answer: C — It is impossible to open the victim's mouth
Mouth-to-nose respiration is a crucial alternative technique indicated when the victim's mouth cannot be opened due to significant facial trauma, jaw injuries, or foreign body obstruction. This ensures ventilation is still possible, maintaining oxygenation until advanced medical care is available.

29. Toxic substances can affect the body in the following ways:

  • A. All of the above
  • B. Through the skin
  • C. Through the lungs
  • D. Through the eyes
Answer: A — All of the above
Toxic substances can enter the body via multiple routes, including inhalation through the lungs, dermal absorption through the skin, and ingestion or direct contact with the eyes. Recognizing these entry points is vital for appropriate first aid and prevention of further exposure.

30. What should you do if you think a crew member has internal bleeding?

  • A. Monitor the victim's vital signs and seek medical attention if they worsen
  • B. Give the victim pain medication
  • C. Apply a cold compress to the abdomen
  • D. Call your local emergency phone number for help
Answer: D — Call your local emergency phone number for help
Internal bleeding is a serious condition that requires immediate professional medical intervention. While monitoring vital signs is important, definitive management necessitates seeking emergency medical services promptly rather than attempting home care like cold compresses or pain medication.

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