EFA exit exam questions and answers — Set 14 — Elementary First Aid
Set 14 of the Elementary First Aid (EFA) exit exam bank — 30 of 1185 questions, with the correct option marked and a one-line explanation for every one. Read it end to end, jump to a single set, or search it — then sit the same bank as a timed paper. The real DG Shipping exit exam is 30 marks with 15 to pass.
These are the bank's original groupings. Practising deals the whole bank out again every time you reshuffle, so a practice “Set 3” is a different 30 questions each time — the set numbers below are the source file's, and are only used here so the key stays navigable. Options are listed in their original order with fixed letters; when you practise, those move too.
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Set 14 — 30 EFA exit exam questions with answers
1. What is anisakiasis?
- A. A viral infection spread by mosquitoes
- B. A parasitic disease caused by Anisakis nematodes (worms) from raw or undercooked seafood
- C. A bacterial infection of the eye
- D. A fungal infection of the scalp
Answer: B — A parasitic disease caused by Anisakis nematodes (worms) from raw or undercooked seafood
Anisakiasis is caused by larvae of Anisakis roundworms eaten in raw or undercooked fish and squid. The larvae can invade the stomach or intestinal wall, causing pain, nausea and vomiting; proper cooking or freezing of seafood prevents it.
2. Burns can be caused by ____.
- A. Electricity
- B. Chemicals
- C. Extreme cold, such as from CO2
- D. All of the above
Answer: D — All of the above
Burns are tissue damage caused not only by heat but also by electric current, corrosive chemicals and extreme cold. Contact with very cold substances such as CO2 discharge or liquefied gases can cause cold burns similar to frostbite.
3. Splints can be used for immobilising a fractured ____.
- A. Arm or hand
- B. Leg
- C. Finger
- D. All of the above
Answer: D — All of the above
A splint is any rigid support used to immobilise an injured limb or digit, preventing movement of the broken bone ends. It reduces pain, prevents further damage and can be applied to arms, hands, legs and fingers.
4. Treatment for burns depends upon the burn's ____.
- A. Depth
- B. Size
- C. Location
- D. All of the above
Answer: D — All of the above
The severity of a burn, and therefore its treatment, depends on how deep it is, how much of the body surface it covers and where it is. Burns to the face, hands, feet, genitals or airway are treated as serious.
5. A strain is due to ____.
- A. Muscle soreness
- B. Overstretching or tearing of a muscle
- C. Freezing of a muscle
- D. Bleeding into a muscle
Answer: B — Overstretching or tearing of a muscle
A strain is an injury in which a muscle or tendon is overstretched or torn, usually by overexertion or sudden movement. Soreness is a symptom, not the cause; first aid is rest, ice, compression and elevation.
6. A cardiac problem requires ____.
- A. Only the first aider's advice
- B. A doctor's advice
- C. Self-medication
- D. Nothing, as it will cure automatically
Answer: B — A doctor's advice
Any suspected heart problem is potentially life-threatening. The first aider can keep the casualty at rest and monitor them, but diagnosis and treatment must come from a doctor, onboard via radio medical advice if necessary.
7. Symptoms of cryptosporidiosis (Cryptosporidium infection) are ____.
- A. Abdominal cramps
- B. Diarrhoea
- C. Nausea
- D. All of the above
Answer: D — All of the above
Cryptosporidium is a parasite spread through contaminated water and food. Infection typically causes watery diarrhoea, stomach cramps, nausea, vomiting and mild fever; good water hygiene on board prevents outbreaks.
8. Angiostrongyliasis, an infection by a parasitic worm, can be contracted by eating raw or contaminated ____.
- A. Land crabs
- B. Lettuce
- C. Leafy vegetables
- D. All of the above
Answer: D — All of the above
Angiostrongyliasis (rat lungworm) is acquired by eating raw or undercooked snails, slugs, freshwater prawns or land crabs, or raw lettuce and leafy vegetables contaminated with small infected snails or slugs.
9. Symptoms of yellow fever are ____.
- A. High fever with chills
- B. Muscle ache
- C. Vomiting
- D. All of the above
Answer: D — All of the above
Yellow fever is a mosquito-borne viral disease. It begins with sudden fever, chills, headache, muscle pain, nausea and vomiting, and severe cases develop jaundice and bleeding. Vaccination is required for many ports.
10. First aid for cold exposure includes ____.
- A. Rubbing the affected part with snow
- B. Removing rings or jewellery that may obstruct blood circulation
- C. Giving alcohol to warm the casualty
- D. Exposing the affected part to the open air
Answer: B — Removing rings or jewellery that may obstruct blood circulation
Cold injuries cause swelling, so rings, watches and tight items should be removed to keep circulation going. Rubbing with snow damages tissue, alcohol increases heat loss, and further exposure worsens the injury.
11. When a person reports food poisoning and is not vomiting, then ____.
- A. You should perform CPR on the victim
- B. You should only give more fresh air
- C. Give water or milk so that the poison is diluted
- D. Give him books to read
Answer: C — Give water or milk so that the poison is diluted
For a conscious casualty with swallowed poison who is not vomiting, standard first-aid texts advise giving water or milk to dilute the poison while seeking medical advice. CPR is only for a casualty not breathing normally.
12. When dealing with an electric shock casualty, what should you do first?
- A. Pull the victim away immediately
- B. Look for written instructions
- C. Switch off or isolate the electrical supply
- D. Shout for the first-aid box
Answer: C — Switch off or isolate the electrical supply
The rescuer must never touch a casualty still in contact with a live circuit. The first step is to switch off or isolate the power supply; only then is it safe to approach, check breathing and give first aid.
13. Frozen foods on board should be kept at a temperature of ____.
- A. Minus 12 °C
- B. Minus 18 °C
- C. Minus 24 °C
- D. Minus 4 °C
Answer: B — Minus 18 °C
Frozen provisions should be stored at -18 °C or below. At this temperature bacterial growth is stopped and food quality is preserved; higher temperatures allow partial thawing and spoilage, increasing the risk of food poisoning.
14. First aid for heat cramps is to ____.
- A. Give salt water (electrolyte solution) to drink
- B. Give fresh water only
- C. Give ice-cold water
- D. Give hot water
Answer: A — Give salt water (electrolyte solution) to drink
Heat cramps are painful muscle spasms caused by loss of salt and water through heavy sweating. The casualty should rest in a cool place and drink a mild salt or electrolyte solution to replace the lost salts.
15. Heat cramps can be prevented by ____.
- A. Avoiding fluids during work
- B. Drinking sports drinks containing electrolytes
- C. Drinking cold carbonated soft drinks
- D. Drinking alcohol
Answer: B — Drinking sports drinks containing electrolytes
Heat cramps result from loss of body salts in sweat. Drinking electrolyte (sports) drinks replaces both water and salts during heavy work in hot spaces such as engine rooms; alcohol and lack of fluids make dehydration worse.
16. Poisoning by ingestion of natural substances can come from ____.
- A. Poisonous plants
- B. Wild mushrooms
- C. Berries
- D. All of the above
Answer: D — All of the above
Many plants, wild mushrooms and berries contain toxins that can cause serious poisoning when eaten. Unknown plants or fungi should never be eaten, particularly when ashore in unfamiliar countries.
17. Excessive bleeding that cannot be controlled requires ____.
- A. Only the first aider's advice
- B. A doctor's advice
- C. Self-medication
- D. Nothing, as it will cure automatically
Answer: B — A doctor's advice
After applying direct pressure and elevation, severe or uncontrolled bleeding needs urgent professional medical treatment. On board, radio medical advice should be obtained and evacuation considered, as blood loss can quickly lead to shock.
18. What is the meaning of hallucination?
- A. Difficulty in breathing
- B. Difficulty in speaking
- C. An experience involving the apparent perception of something not present
- D. Loss of consciousness
Answer: C — An experience involving the apparent perception of something not present
A hallucination is a perception of something, such as seeing or hearing things, that is not actually present. It may be caused by fever, drugs, alcohol withdrawal, mental illness or toxic exposure.
19. A sign of a third-degree burn is ____.
- A. Severe pain at the burn site
- B. Loss of all layers of skin
- C. Redness of the skin only
- D. Small blisters only
Answer: B — Loss of all layers of skin
A third-degree (full thickness) burn destroys all layers of the skin and may damage underlying tissue. The area looks white, brown or charred and may be painless because nerve endings are destroyed.
20. Burns are considered critical when they affect parts like the ____.
- A. Hands
- B. Face
- C. Genital organs
- D. All of the above
Answer: D — All of the above
Burns to the face, hands, feet and genitals are treated as critical regardless of size because of the risk of airway damage, loss of function, scarring and infection. Such casualties need medical advice and evacuation.
21. Which of the following can be used to separate an electric shock victim from the source of current?
- A. Rubber gloves
- B. A dry piece of wood
- C. Any dry non-conducting material
- D. All of the above
Answer: D — All of the above
If the power cannot be switched off at once, the rescuer must use something that does not conduct electricity, such as rubber gloves, a dry wooden pole or other dry insulating material, to push the casualty clear.
22. Diphtheria is mainly spread by ____.
- A. Mosquito bites
- B. Droplets from an infected person and articles contaminated by them
- C. Eating undercooked meat
- D. Drinking contaminated water
Answer: B — Droplets from an infected person and articles contaminated by them
Diphtheria is a bacterial infection spread by respiratory droplets from coughing and sneezing, and by contact with infected persons or contaminated items such as clothes. It is not waterborne; vaccination prevents it.
23. What is the meaning of a parasite?
- A. A light-giving instrument
- B. A plant or animal that lives in or on another plant or animal and gets its food from it
- C. A type of signal used in lifeboats
- D. A chemical used to kill insects
Answer: B — A plant or animal that lives in or on another plant or animal and gets its food from it
A parasite is an organism that lives in or on a host and obtains its food from it, usually harming the host. Examples include worms, lice and the malaria parasite, many of which cause disease in seafarers.
24. When a person reports food poisoning, you should first ____.
- A. Check what food he has recently consumed
- B. Give him a heavy meal
- C. Make him exercise to sweat it out
- D. Ignore it unless he has a fever
Answer: A — Check what food he has recently consumed
Finding out what was eaten, when and by whom helps identify the cause, warns others who ate the same food and guides treatment. The suspect food should be kept aside for inspection.
25. MSDS stands for ____.
- A. Management Safety and Data Sheet
- B. Mind Safety Data Sheet
- C. Material Safety and Display Sheet
- D. Material Safety Data Sheet
Answer: D — Material Safety Data Sheet
A Material Safety Data Sheet (now also called Safety Data Sheet) gives the hazards, handling precautions, firefighting measures and first-aid treatment for a chemical. It should be read before handling the substance.
26. A person contaminated with chemicals should be treated by ____.
- A. Covering him with blankets
- B. Ventilating with fresh air only
- C. Showering or hosing him down immediately with plenty of water
- D. Giving CPR
Answer: C — Showering or hosing him down immediately with plenty of water
Chemicals keep damaging skin while they remain on it. Contaminated clothing should be removed and the casualty washed with large amounts of water at once, for at least 15-20 minutes, while consulting the MSDS.
27. Broken bones are called ____.
- A. Dislocations
- B. Sprains
- C. Fractures
- D. Strains
Answer: C — Fractures
A fracture is a break or crack in a bone. It can be closed or open (compound), and is treated by immobilising the limb with splints or slings and seeking medical care.
28. If a person has suffered a major stroke, you should ____.
- A. Lay him down
- B. Maintain normal body temperature
- C. Get medical help
- D. All of the above
Answer: D — All of the above
A stroke casualty should be laid down with head and shoulders slightly raised, kept comfortable at normal temperature, monitored closely and given nothing by mouth. Urgent medical help, including radio medical advice at sea, is essential.
29. Should a patient who has had a minor stroke see a doctor?
- A. No, it is not required once symptoms pass
- B. Yes, medical evaluation is needed promptly
- C. Only if the problem occurs again
- D. No, first aid is enough
Answer: B — Yes, medical evaluation is needed promptly
A minor stroke or transient ischaemic attack is often a warning of a major stroke to follow. Even if symptoms disappear, the patient needs prompt medical evaluation and treatment to reduce the risk of a further attack.
30. The voice box is also known as the ____.
- A. Alveoli
- B. Trachea
- C. Pharynx
- D. Larynx
Answer: D — Larynx
The larynx, or voice box, sits at the top of the trachea and contains the vocal cords. The trachea is the windpipe below it, and the alveoli are the air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place.
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